Ground-nesting and paper wasps are invasive species in New Zealand, and it is believed that they arrived in the country in crates of aircraft parts from Europe after World War II. Since then, their populations have exploded due to abundant food sources and a lack of natural predators. Researchers are studying the use of paper wasps in controlling caterpillar populations, a common pest in agriculture. The researchers found the wasps consumed the caterpillars on produce in just a few hours in a controlled setting.

The next experiments will include placing the small paper wasp nests near agricultural fields with caterpillar infestations to see if the wasps can manage the pests. If successful, deploying wasps for pest control would mitigate the use and risks associated with agricultural chemicals, promote biodiversity and reduce soil and water contamination. New Zealand currently uses more than 5,000 tons of pesticides annually